Here are the slides for my introductory presentation on the Android platform and some useful links to Android related sites.
Introduction to Android
This presentation is a quick introduction to the basic knowledge needed to start developing for the Android mobile platform. This general overview shows the system architecture, SDK and tools, along with some basic need-to-know classes like Activities, Intents, Views, Layouts, Services and ContentProviders.
Books
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I highly recommend a CommonsWare subscription for three books (The Busy Coder’s Guide to Android Development, The Busy Coder’s Guide to Advanced Android Development, and Android Programming Tutorials) from Mark Murphy. It is only $35/year. You can’t beat that! 
Sample Code & Graphics
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apps-for-android is a set of 10 simple projects from the Android team. 
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shelves is a larger application from a Google developer with examples of custom lists and animations. 
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astrid is a full-featured todo list application that has been published to the Android market. 
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Android GUI PSD is a Photoshop file for mocking up Android GUIs. 
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Android Snippets – code snippets for common actions 
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Web view of Android framework source 
Tutorials
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These are all from Google I/O 2009 conference: 
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Article about browsing Android source in Eclipse 
Forums
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Google Groups